Ingrown toenails occur when the edge of the nail penetrates the skin.  It is commonly caused by either the shape of the nail being very curved, rather than flat, and the edge of the nail then grows into the skin; or more commonly, it is caused by improper cutting of the nail.  Tight fitting shoes can also cause this condition.  Most ingrown nails occur in the large toe.

The symptoms of an ingrown toenail range from minor pressure in the area to redness, swelling and infection.  A callous can also form along the edge of the nail in response to the pressure.

Self treatment of an ingrown toenail is simply cutting the nail straight across, allowing the corners to protrude to avoid growing into the skin.  This is also proper care of toenails and along with wearing shoes and shoes that allow appropriate room for toes, and keeping feet clean in order to avoid infection, should prevent future ingrown nails.  In all cases, digging down into the skin to remove the nail should be avoided.

In the case of infection, a podiatrist should be seen for proper treatment.  The ingrown piece of nail is usually removed easily with little discomfort.  For cases in more pain, an anesthetic may be used to relieve the pain during the procedure.  An antibiotic may also be used to treat the infection, which generally clears up within a few days.

In the case of more serious, and recurring ingrown nails, the nail may be removed and if necessary the nail based treated to prevent the regrowth of the nail.